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The movement of the stator circuit rotating electromagnetic field - due to the slip - cutting across the rotor windings induces a voltage upon the rotor windings. The difference between the synchronous speed of 1800 RPMs (discussed in the previous section - this must be a 4-pole induction motor) and the rated 1725 RPM is the amount of slip between the two electromagnetic fields. Since this is an AC induction motor and there is no external power supply to the rotor circuit, the rotor cannot turn at the synchronous speed of the electromagnetic field rotating about the inner face of the stator assembly. The wiring connections listed at the bottom of the nameplate have to be honored according to either the “low-voltage” configuration (208 or 230 VAC) or the “high-voltage” configuration (460 VAC). As shown in Figure 1, this particular electric motor driving a 1 HP connected load will turn at 1725 RPMs, if supplied 208 VAC, 230 VAC, or 460 VAC at 60 Hz. Rated load occurs when the horsepower requirements of the driven load equate to the horsepower rating of the motor and the electric motor is supplied its rated voltage, as listed on the nameplate, at the rated frequency, as also listed on the nameplate.
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Revolutions per Minute, or RPMs, (also referred to as “ baseline speed”), indicate(s) the speed at which the electric motor will operate at rated load. Electric motors with a frequency rating of 50/60 Hz shown on the nameplate are not uncommon. Some manufacturers design electric motors - the AC induction motors - for sale/use in both the United States and Europe. The nameplate shown in Figure 1 indicates the motor is rated for operation at 60 Hz. The synchronous speed of the electromagnetic field rotating about the inner face of a 4-pole motor operating at 50 Hz is only 1500 RPMs. The synchronous speed of the electromagnetic field rotating about the inner face of a 4-pole electric motor operating at 60 Hz is 1800 RPMs. The synchronous speed of the electromagnetic field rotating about the inner face of a 2-pole electric motor operating at 50 Hz (calculated in the same manner, but replacing the “60 cycles/second” with “50 cycles/second”) is only 3000 RPMs. Rated in “pole pairs”, the synchronous speed of the electromagnetic field rotating about the inner face of a 2-pole motor operating at 60 Hz is 3600 RPMs:Ħ0 cycles/second x 60 seconds/minute = 3600 cycles (rpms) /minute The RPM of the electric motor depends on the applied frequency of the AC source and the number of magnetic poles per phase installed in the motor at the point of manufacture. The standard frequency of the parallel utility electrical-power grid in Europe is 50 Hz. Due to the parallel grid of the utility electrical power generation, transmission, and distribution, the standard frequency used throughout the United States and Canada is 60 Hz. The frequency of the sine waveform of the applied AC source is measured in hertz ( Hz - cycles per second). James Watt also determined that the work of one horsepower would consume 746 watts of electrical power. After various degrees of experimentation, he determined that the average workhorse could do work at the rate of 550 foot-pounds per second (550 ft-lb/s) or 33,000 foot-pounds per minute (33,000 ft-lb/min). To sell his engines, Watt decided to compare the amount of power his steam engine could produce to the working ability of a horse. At the time horses and mules were the means of travel and work. Many years ago, James Watt invented the steam engine. The term “horsepower” comes from the rating of steam engines. The nameplate shown in Figure 1 indicates this motor is rated at 1 horsepower. Electric-motor nameplate information 1 Horsepower RatingĮlectric motors have a rated horsepower (HP) that is determined by the amount of torque they can produce at their running or baseline speed. Each item on the nameplate shown in Figure 1 will be discussed.įigure 1.
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Since the intent of the electric motor nameplate is to list information concerning the specific motor, the information presented in this section may or may not be found on all motor nameplates. In some instances, information not specified by NEMA will also be listed on a nameplate. The individual motor nameplates may or may not contain all the information specified by NEMA. Temperature Rise or Insulation System Classīecause NEMA is an association and not a government agency, it should be noted that not all electric motor manufacturers comply with the NEMA specifications are listed here.Full-Load Current (FLC - Full-Load Amps: FLA).The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) specifies the following data is to be listed on the individual motor nameplates: